太古宙的洋-陆与古地理问题^*          下载免费PDF全文

翟明国 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):825-847

大陆最古老的陆壳物质是沉积岩中4.4 Ga的碎屑锆石,最古老的陆壳岩石年龄为4.1-4.0 Ga,出露面积约20 km²。3.9-3.6 Ga的古老陆核出露在不同克拉通中,而大陆的生长峰期是在2.9-2.7 Ga,全球稳定的陆壳圈层形成是在~2.5 Ga,被称为克拉通化。陆壳以英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)为代表,体积占古老陆壳的~70%以上。古陆表现为高级片麻岩区-花岗绿岩带格局(穹隆-龙骨格局),与显生宙的洋-陆格局不同,暗示构造体制的差异。火山沉积组合即是围绕高级片麻岩地体以层状向斜方式存在的绿岩带,后者相对变质很浅或未变质。早期地球演化中,先有陆还是先有洋、陆核形成和生长的机制、什么时候开始有露出海面的陆地、太古宙时期的洋-陆格局等等都还没有定论。古元古代时期,全球长期处于伸展阶段,巨厚的裂谷型沉积以及伴随的大氧化事件,可能是开启古地理研究的最早地质时期。本文还以华北克拉通为例,作了陆壳演化的简单介绍。  相似文献   

Sedimentary Crust and Metallogeny of Granitoid Affinity: Implications from the Geotectonic Histories of the Circum‐Japan Sea Region,Central Andes and Southeastern Australia     

Kohei Sato 《Resource Geology》2012,62(4):329-351

Metallogeny of granitoid affinity was reviewed from the aspect of geotectonic history of the continental crust, particularly of the genesis of sedimentary crust involved in magmatism. The redox state of granitoids and related mineralization shows a remarkable contrast between the east and west sides of the Pacific Rim, but if examined closely, the reduced‐type and oxidized‐type granitoid provinces are juxtaposed in three regions: the circum‐Japan Sea region, the central Andes, and the Lachlan Fold Belt in southeastern Australia. Comparative study of these regions revealed that the reduced‐type magmatism associated with Sn mineralization generated in thick sedimentary crust which formed in three geotectonic environments: (i) accretionary terrane along a subduction zone (e.g. Jurassic East Asia), (ii) continental rift (e.g. Early Paleozoic Andes), and (iii) mega‐fan (e.g. Early Paleozoic southeastern Australia). A collisional orogen can provide large amounts of clastic sediment to these environments. The age gap between the magmatism and sedimentation varies depending on the tectonic evolution of individual regions. Thin sedimentary crust may not play an essential role for the reduced‐type magmatism. The oxidized‐type magmatism associated with porphyry Cu and other mineralization generated in the crust which was initially carbon‐free igneous crust or modified from sedimentary crust by magmatism. Subduction‐related basaltic magmas are relatively oxidized, and may enhance fO₂ conditions of granitoid activity. Repeated magmatism in a monotonous convergent margin may be favorable for porphyry Cu mineralization as exemplified in the eastern Pacific Rim.  相似文献   

低轨卫星初始状态误差对反演地球重力场的影响     

张兴福  沈云中 《测绘科学》2009,34(3)

基于动力学法反演地球重力场的基本理论,研究了卫星初始状态向量误差对应用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场的影响。在仅考虑低轨卫星初始状态误差的情况下进行了模拟计算,结果表明:在利用低轨卫星精密轨道数据反演地球重力场时,卫星初始状态向量误差需要重新进行估计;在目前的轨道精度水平下,若不顾及误差方程二次项的影响,反演弧长不宜过长;卫星初始状态速度误差(约1.5mm/s)的影响要大于位置误差(约10 cm)的影响。  相似文献   

“城市区域”主义下的中国区域治理模式重构——珠三角城际铁路的实证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张衔春  栾晓帆  李志刚 《地理研究》2020,39(3):483-494

中国的区域治理模式长期以来呈现出阶段性演化的特征。特别是近些年,传统省-市分层设权的权力组织关系被动态的、反复连续性的博弈所取代。本研究借助政治经济学与人文地理学关于“国家空间再中心化”及组织社会学者的“行政发包制”理论,立足区域基础设施项目,即“珠三角城际铁路网”展开实证,系统分析其规划、建设及运营过程。并聚焦其中的事权与财权动态演变过程,解析省政府的角色定位和省市关系的演变等两大关键问题,揭示中国城市区域治理重构的内在逻辑。研究发现：一方面,省政府的角色定位由“分包商”和“协调者”逐渐转变为协调与发展并重的新角色定位;同时,省市关系由结构化的“行政发包”转化为多轮协商的动态博弈连续体。  相似文献   

Numerical local analysis of relevant internal variables for constitutive modelling of granular materials     

Yuhanis Yunus  Eric Vincens  Bernard Cambou 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(11):1101-1123

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Frictional heating and pore pressure rise due to a fault slip     

Tien-Chang Lee  Paul T. Delaney 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,88(3):569-591

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带乘性噪声广义系统状态最优估计算法     

褚东升  高守婉 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(5)

针对带乘性噪声广义系统,提出1种在线性最小方差意义下的状态最优估计算法.首先,采用标准分解将系统变换为2个子系统;其次,通过估计子系统的状态,获得原系统的状态最优滤波.同时,算法还给出了动态噪声与量测噪声的估计.仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性.  相似文献   

Econometric analysis to differentiate effects of various ship safety inspections   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sabine Knapp  Philip Hans Franses   《Marine Policy》2008,32(4):653-662

This article provides a refined technique to measure and interpret variables associated with the quality of an inspection—be it port state control or vetting inspections towards the probability of a very serious, serious or less serious casualty. It concentrates on filtering out the effect of variables such as detention, the port state control regime that inspected the vessel, time in-between inspections, deficiencies found during an inspection and the effect of vetting inspections. The consensus amongst policy makers in the shipping industry is that data cannot be combined to target vessels. While this article does demonstrate that the decrease in the probability of casualty is stronger for the South American Region, the Indian Ocean Region and Australia versus North Europe, North America or the Caribbean, it also demonstrates that the data can be combined to target vessels for inspections. Since the time in-between inspections and detention is mostly not significant towards decreasing the probability of casualty, these results reflect the lack of coordination amongst port state control regimes and industry inspections. Due to this lack of coordination and trust, a ship might be inspected in several regimes during a relative short time period where the benefit of an inspection can be easily saturated. Our recommendation on direct policy implication is to promote the harmonization of inspection databases across port state control regimes, preferably with the coordination of the development of the Global Integrated Ship Information System (GISIS) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), to review the policy of a release of a vessel from detention and to increase cooperation amongst regimes with respect to the follow up of the rectification of deficiencies.  相似文献   

大嵛山附近海域游泳动物种类组成和资源现状及其变化分析     

宋普庆  许章程  朱小明  王初升 《台湾海峡》2009,28(2):244-253

2006年1月～10月福建闽东大嵛山附近海域游泳动物调查研究结果表明,该海域的游泳动物有97种,其中鱼类51种（软骨鱼1种,硬骨鱼类50种）,隶属于9目24科42属;甲壳类42种,隶属于2目15科20属;头足类4种,隶属于3目3科3属.暖水性种类为33种,占鱼类总种数的64.7%;暖温性鱼类18种,占鱼类总种数的35.3%,未出现冷温性和冷水性鱼类.种类数的季节变化依次呈夏季〉冬季〉秋季〉春季.生物量的季节变化,依次呈夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季;而生物量尾数的季节变化,依次呈夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季.平均单位网次渔获生物量和密度分别为9.53kg/h和1 319 ind/h.生物量优势种和密度优势种分别为大黄鱼和中华管鞭虾.扫海面积法估算年平均现存资源量为57 370 ind/km^2和404.51kg/km^2.同时,本文对该海域游泳生物的资源结构现状与历史调查数据作了对比分析,并讨论了多样性结构与生物量的季节性变化规律.结果表明,该海域渔业资源有严重衰退的现象,多样性结构与生物量的季节性变化并不具有必然的一致性.  相似文献   

面向海上目标搜索任务的多无人机协同航路优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚鹏  綦声波  解则晓 《海洋科学》2018,42(1):147-152

提出了一种面向多无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)协同搜索海上目标任务的航路优化方法。首先,分析多无人机协同航路优化问题的基本要素模型。然后,在对各UAV独立维护的目标概率图信息进行探测更新的基础上,采用状态预测一致性算法实现目标概率图信息的快速融合。最后,同时考虑局部搜索收益与未来搜索收益,采用分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)方法优化各UAV的搜索航路。仿真结果表明,本研究提出的方法具有较高的搜索效率,可有效应用于海上目标的快速搜索任务,具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献